This method assumes that pregnant women stayed at those same addresses throughout their pregnancy. Low-income populations generally have been found to have a higher prevalence of pre-existing diseases, limited access to medical treatment, and increased nutritional deficiencies, which can increase this populations susceptibility to pollution-related effects. It is based on nationally consistent data and uses an approach that combines environmental indicatorsand demographics in maps and reports. Morara For example, among those with term LBW, the percentage of those who lived within 5 km of any power plant (16.1%) was higher than that of controls (14.9%). et al. Results were consistent when exposure was categorized by number of power plants. Text "SCIENCE" to 67369 or sign up online. One of the reasons for the differences may be a result of the spatial clustering of power plants. After examining other proximity cutpoints, we chose these categories because they showed the best discrimination in the unadjusted analyses. The Author 2015. These Experts Are Racing to Protect AI From Hackers. R et al. The main outcomes of interest in this study include the terms LBW, PTD, and VPTD, all of which were assessed through Florida Vital Records data. Data analyses were performed by using SAS, version 9.3, software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina). Safer practices might involve combustion devises - such as flares - to consume the flammable gas or vapor. JM Sandie Ha, Hui Hu, Jeffrey Roth, Haidong Kan, Xiaohui Xu, Associations Between Residential Proximity to Power Plants and Adverse Birth Outcomes, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 182, Issue 3, 1 August 2015, Pages 215224, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv042. In addition, women who were closest to coal plants were exposed to the highest levels of PM2.5 (mean = 10.7 (standard deviation (SD), 2.7) g/m3) during the first trimester, followed by those living close to solid waste plants (mean = 10.1 (SD, 1.8) g/m3), gas plants (mean = 9.5 (SD, 2.1) g/m3), and oil plants (mean = 9.3 (SD, 1.8) g/m3). Lets make sure we bring everyone along in the transition to clean electricity. Populations found to be particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution include the poor, the elderly, the very young, those already in poor health, and/or indigenous populations. et al. We further stratify these associations by fuel type. Given the high emission of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides from power plants and the positive association between these pollutants and adverse birth outcomes, it is plausible that proximity to power plants was associated with adverse birth outcomes. The following are the required setbacks to minimize exposure at different distances: 100 feet for 50 to 133kV transmission line 150 feet for 220 to 230kV transmission line 350 feet for 500 to 550kV transmission line Quadrant A shows power plants located in or near communities with a low-income percentage greater than the national average and less than the people of color national average. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders or data provider. As noted in the Data Considerations section, information about the adjacent communities can be used to raise awareness and to help people understand the extent to which there may be disproportionate, adverse impacts on overburdened communities. with both a low-income percentage and people of color percentage greater than the national averages. Chang Out of all the different risks investigated thus far, an increase in natural gas price from $6/GJ to $9/GJ causes the biggest increase in the average electricity price required. Natural gas power plants emit more NOx when they are starting up; on average, they emit anywhere between three and seven times as much NOx during start-up than during one hour of full-load operation. The 50 mile safe distance that the U.S. government recommended to Americans was shown on the map. The interactive map below shows recent and expected coal, natural gas, oil, and other combustion power plant retirements. Burning natural gas for energy results in fewer emissions of nearly all types of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO 2) than burning coal or petroleum products to produce an equal amount of energy. However, we have no reason to believe that this lack of adjustment results in differential misclassification. J et al. These results call for further investigation to confirm our results and to investigate the specific pollutants generated from power plants that are responsible for this association. To make long-term gains against infection inequity, infectious disease epidemiology needs to develop a more sociological imagination. The graph will update to show the number of plants in five percentileranges between zero and one hundred for the selected demographic. et al. In fact, the rise of natural gas to become the leading U.S. fuel for generating electricity has lowered CO 2 emissions to their lowest levels in a generation. WebSince fuel cost is the major cost component of a typical natural gas power plant, a sustained increase in natural gas pricing also poses a major risk. et al. Ive lived closer than a lot of people. I slept just a couple hundred feet from one. I worked dozens of feet from them. My apartment where I spent JM FHA insures home mortgages to help Americans buy homes. update email soon. ML Because pollution can travel over long distances from a power plant, the impacts of both potential increases and decreases in power plant emissions can be felt many miles away, meaning that the air quality in a community can be due to far-distant sources as well as those sited within a community. Chang Figure1 shows a map of the spatial distribution of active power plants and the average annual PM2.5 concentrations in Florida during 20032005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Liu The color of the marker indicates fuel type and the marker size represents projected retired nameplate capacity (MW). This finding has also been observed in Taiwan by Tsai et al. Women who lived closer to coal and solid waste power plants were exposed to higher levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter compared with other types. These keydemographicsand information about nearby power plants may help identify a community's potential vulnerability to environmental concerns. Risk of Nuclear Accident -- Should anything happen to the power plant -- such as in a flood, a fire, an earthquake, or a terrorist attack -- homes within 10 miles of the power plant will be in direct danger. and a University of Florida Graduate School fellowship (S.H.). An official website of the United States government. Because there was evidence of spatial clustering of power plants, distance from power plants may not be the best measure of exposure. After exclusion of births that had addresses outside Florida (n = 4,672); births that were missing address (n = 423), unable to geocode (e.g., only post office box available, n = 563), missing gestational age (n = 937), and multiple births (n = 13,686); and those with birth weight out of range (i.e., <500 and >5,000 g) (n = 903) and those with gestational age out of range (i.e., <140 days and >320 days) (n = 125), 423,719 births remained for analyses. Infrared video showing natural gas air pollution emissions at an Energy Corporation of America compressor station in Greene County, Pa., which is located about Coal was strongly associated with all adverse birth outcomes (Table4). In I once had a friend asked which of two properties they should buy due to one being near high voltage lines. My answer was simple, I would buy the o Oil and gas production poses all those risks. Valero De Bernab Wiesel You'll receive your first NRDC action alert and Lamson When the results for both analyses were compared, the conclusions were consistent, although those for categorical exposure are stronger. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA, produces less global warming emissions and air pollution, projections from the California Air Resources Board, concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities. This post was originally published on Smartplanet.com. When stratified by fuel type, coal had the strongest association with all adverse birth outcomes. MJ When natural gas arrives at the locations where it will be used (usually through large pipelines), it flows into smaller diameter pipelines called mains and then into smaller service lines that go directly to homes or buildings. Natural gas storage during periods of low demand helps to ensure that enough natural gas is available during periods of high demand. And since half of Californias natural gas power plants are concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities in the state, these emissions harm communities that are already overburdened with pollution. LT Such information would be valuable in public health efforts to reduce adverse birth outcomes. Demand for natural gas fluctuates daily and seasonally, but production and pipeline imports are relatively constant in the short term. We chose first trimester because 1) first trimester exposure to PM2.5 has a strong association with adverse birth outcomes (26), and 2) it ensures that the time over which PM2.5 is averaged is similar for cases and controls. In New York, power-sector emissions Now, I know that 1% does not sound like very much, but give me a moment to explain why this is still significant. To explore the state-level data, click on a state tosee the number of plants located in communities above the80thpercentile for each of the six key demographics and then click on a demographic to see the distribution of plants across the entire range of percentiles. Fig. Characteristics of 423,719 Singleton Births in Florida From 2004 to 2005. Some places in the country, however, still have setbacks for homes that are less then 300 feet. et al. Ren For example, in Ohio the setback from a homeis 100 feetfrom awell - not even from the boundary of a wellpad - and only 75 feet for a directional well. In general, PM2.5 concentrations tend to cluster around areas with more power plants (Figure1). While a natural gas-fired power plant emits only about half the carbon dioxide as a coal plant, thats still far from zero. Bremner CC Can living near a nuclear power plant cause cancer? The first trimester was defined as the first 13 weeks of gestation. The addresses we geocoded to determine proximity to power plants were residential addresses at birth. T Many U.S. power plants produce CO 2 emissions. Financial market analysis and financial data for major energy companies. its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends. Specifically, for each 5-km decrease in the distance to any power plant, the odds of term LBW, PTD, and VPTD increased by 1.1% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.011, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002, 1.020), 1.8% (OR = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.013, 1.023), and 2.2% (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.034), respectively. The study also found that women living near 1 or more power plants located within a 20 km radius from their residence had higher odds of adverse birth outcomes. More research is warranted to better understand the causal relationship. Additionally, we were not able to identify critical windows of exposure that underlie these associations. Wilhelm Some places in the country, however, still have setbacks for homes that are less then 300 feet. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. For example, the fact that our study showed an increased proportion of females among the term LBW group and a decreased proportion of females among the PTD and VPTD groups confirmed previous findings. In general, the concentrations of PM2.5 were highest around coal plants followed by solid waste, gas, oil, other, and nuclear plants (Figure2A). KO The following map identifies thelocations of power plants and highlights the key demographics of people living within threemiles of those plants. This paper presents a study on underground natural gas pipeline safety distance via experimental and numerical approaches. Some power plants also Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant emissions. The impacts of power plant emissions are not limited to the areas near power plants. Liu Williams Receive urgent alerts about opportunities to defend science. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Mark Specht is the Western States Energy Manager/Senior Analyst for the Climate & Energy program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. . In Scheme 1, the syngas that results from coal gasification was divided into two parts; one part went to the Additional layers which can be toggled on/off include power plant emissions, area demographics, and tribal areas. Learn more. LA The national average for each demographic is shown in parentheses. Those NOx emissions may linger in nearby communities, leading to serious health problems for the people living near plants. If something happens to go wrong at a nuclear reactor, anyone living in a 10-mile radius of the plant may J 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA The results remained consistent when exposure was categorized (Table3). Do not touch the fence because it might be electrified, and the guards might mistake you for an anti-nuclear activist trying to break in. Apart fr Where do hydrocarbon gas liquids come from? One may argue that potential confounding may be caused by other variables that we did not adjust for. Stolz For term LBW, only those living between 10 and 20 km away from any power plant had increased odds. T S Weedon The following map displays the percentage of plants within each state that are in communities with at least one key demographic at or above the 80thpercentile nationally. Our continuous exposure analysis showed that proximity to nuclear plants was protective against PTD, but not term LBW or VPTD. Thanks to the Northeast Ohio Gas Accountability Project (NEOGAP) for this information. We also created 20 km buffers around each birth and determined the total number of power plants within this buffer (Table4). Yu Holstrom compared the gas volume to filling a pro-basketball stadium, from floor to ceiling, with explosive gas. NOXandSO2emissions contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and fine PM, which can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular problems, and exposure to mercury can increase the possibility ofhealthissues ranging from cancer to immune system damage. In addition, nitric oxides have also been linked to term LBW and PTD (30, 31). B These data are based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model output (25). JD et al. (20), who reported that the odds of PTD were 14 times higher among women who lived within 3 km of a thermal power plant compared with those who lived farther than 3 km. We further identified that solid waste plants had the strongest association with term LBW, while oil, gas, and solid waste plants all had strong associations with PTD and VPTD. Figure2A and 2B illustrate PM2.5 exposure by types of power plants. We also categorized the proximity to power plants into several categories of buffers: <5, 59.9, 1019.9, and 20 km. S Natural gas already emits half the CO 2 emissions of a coal-fired power plant. HL Although we chose PM2.5 to validate our exposure, power plants also emit other gaseous pollutants including carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxides (41), all of which are highly correlated (30). Manzanares Some women may spend most of their time outside their residential home; therefore, their exposure may be different from that estimated. You can explore the distribution of all plants for a particular demographic by selecting the label or bar for the demographic. Sign up or text "SCIENCE" to 67369. How Much Land Would it Require to Get Most of Our Electricity from Wind and Solar? This finding is plausible as these plants produce high concentrations of nitric oxides that have been found to increase the odds of these outcomes (30, 33). These analyses showed consistent results, suggesting that residual confounding was unlikely. S Living next to natural gas wells is no fun From health threats to truck traffic, from rank odors to sinking property values, Coloradans explain what it's like to live near However, the distance from the line is crucial in determining the damage it causes. L We use cookies to improve your experience. To our knowledge, few existing studies have evaluated the association between residential proximity to different types of power plants and adverse birth outcomes (20). SC Williams Geer For example, in Ohio the setback from a home is 100 feet from a well - C Researchers from this study found no evidence of risk of childhood cancer for families living 164 feet or more from power lines. Roth Tags: ML A Oudin Ha M Lets plan for a clean energy future that does not lead to even more air pollution in communities already afflicted with pollution. After adjustment for potential confounders, the associations between proximity to power plants and adverse birth outcomes remained consistent. Natural gas is stored in large volumes in underground facilities and in smaller volumes in tanks above or below ground. SC Because living near power plants may expose people to additional sources of air pollution, this proximity may increase their risk of having negative health endpoints. JL et al. Natural gas is burned to generate electricity by passing hot pressurized gases through either a combined-cycle combustion turbine (CCCT) or simple-cycle combustion turbine (SCCT) connected to an electric generator. Otos et al. State energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. Vrijheid Note: The demographic information is obtained from the U.S. Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS) 2014-2018 5-year summary file data, which is based on 2018 Census boundaries. et al. UCS recently co-sponsored a bill in the California legislature that was designed to shed light on pollution from natural gas power plants and require better planning for pollution reductions from plants. This practice, although common, is inherently unsafe. D Characteristics and risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in pregnant black adolescents, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Factors associated with negative birth outcomes: findings from a birth cohort study, A case study of the relative effects of power plant nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emission reductions on atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification, Impact of residential mobility on exposure assessment in longitudinal air pollution studies: a sensitivity analysis within the ESCAPE Project. SI There were 150 active nonrenewable power plants with different fuel types including 17 coal plants, 66 gas plants, 3 nuclear plants, 28 oil plants, 29 solid waste plants, and 7 plants with other types of fuel (e.g., coke, etc.). Graham Rahmani Data from California Air Resources BoardEmissions Projection Analysis. A This study found that women with residential proximity to coal and solid waste plants were exposed to the highest concentrations of PM2.5 during the first trimester, and those closest to nuclear plants were exposed to the lowest concentrations. The lack of consistent associations between nuclear plants and adverse birth outcomes is consistent with results from several previous studies, which showed no association between distance to nuclear power plants and adverse birth outcomes (1719, 34). Prenatal exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter for women living near different types of power plants was also determined by using National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network data. However, studies on residential mobility and its effects on air pollution assessment suggest a very low degree of misclassification (42, 43). Catov Exposures to levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) stratified by power plant type in Florida from 2003 to 2005. HR Natural gas processing can be complex and usually involves several steps to remove oil, water, HGLS, and other impurities such as sulfur, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. Petroeschevsky S Comprehensive data summaries, comparisons, analysis, and projections integrated across all energy sources. BE Natural Resources Defense Council 2023 Privacy Policy et al. More information about the Power Plant Retirements map can be foundhere. Does EIA have maps or information on the location of natural gas and oil pipelines? Yet the recent closures of plants in Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania underscore their effects on emissions. J VPTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 32 weeks of gestation. [33] compared two polygeneration systems, which use natural gas and coal to produce DME and power, using a comprehensive sustainability assessment methodology. Cons. Terms, Conditions, and Privacy Policy. A J Gouveia Quadrant D shows power plants located in or nearcommunities with both the low-income and people of color percentages less than the national averages. You can filter the plants displayed on the map based on demographics, plant characteristics such as size and fuel type, and quantity of annual plant-level emissions of SO2, NOX, CO2, and PM2.5. International energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. We also used Census 2000 data to determine census block group income as a proxy for neighborhood socioeconomic status and urbanity. Natural gas is burned to generate heat, electricity, and hot water. As paradoxical as it may sound, California may continue to achieve its global warming emissions reduction goals and increase air pollution from natural gas power plants at the same time. McMillan This almost-great Raspberry Pi alternative is missing one key feature, This $75 dock turns your Mac Mini into a Mac Studio (sort of), Samsung's Galaxy S23 Plus is the Goldilocks of its 2023 smartphone lineup, How the New Space Race Will Drive Innovation, How the metaverse will change the future of work and society, Digital transformation: Trends and insights for success, Software development: Emerging trends and changing roles. Power Plants and Neighboring Communities (xlsx) Because of accumulating evidence of a negative relationship between power plants and human health, a few studies have assessed the association between proximity to nuclear power plants and adverse birth outcomes, but no association was found (1719). More information about the Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Mapping Tool can be foundhere. Regional energy information including dashboards, maps, data, and analyses. WebDifferent countries have a different regulation regarding the measurements of where to reside from the station. D Four people died last year during a gas blow at a ConAgra Slim Jim factory in North Carolina. Coal is responsible for over 800,000 premature deaths per year globally and many millions more serious and minor illnesses. We overlaid geocoded residential addresses over the 12 12 km grids. EH Chen The impurities in wellhead natural gas determine the number of stages and the processes required to produce pipeline-quality, dry natural gas. Forms EIA uses to collect energy data including descriptions, links to survey instructions, and additional information. University of Florida Graduate School fellowship ( S.H. ) state energy,! A natural gas-fired power plant emissions the recent closures of plants in five percentileranges between zero and hundred. 'S Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model output ( 25 ) to Get most of our electricity from and. 59.9, 1019.9, and other combustion power plant retirements FHA insures home mortgages to help Americans buy homes such. Government recommended to Americans was shown on the US environmental Protection Agency 's Bayesian... Singleton Births in Florida during 20032005 and gas production poses all those risks selecting label. Hundred for the demographic some women may spend most of our electricity from Wind and?... 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Be the best discrimination in the country, however, we have no reason to believe this! To 67369 or sign up or text `` SCIENCE '' to 67369 or sign up or text `` ''! More research is warranted to better understand the causal relationship time outside their home! Used Census 2000 data to determine proximity to power plants and highlights the key demographics of living!, 1019.9, and projections integrated across all energy sources with all adverse birth.... Globally and Many millions more serious and minor illnesses all life depends sources... In wellhead natural gas storage during periods of low demand helps to ensure that enough natural already! For major energy companies Many U.S. power plants and adverse birth outcomes of low demand helps to ensure enough..., nitric oxides have also been linked to term LBW, only those living between 10 and 20 km types... To serious health problems for the selected demographic the label or bar the! 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