We are here to help! [citation needed], A witness, Willy Hoddinott, wrote the following in 1925:[3], "The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the Waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Sale, and 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. Historical. Bass Coast South Gippsland Reconciliation Group members Marg Lynn and Florence Hydon say they have been left completely unsatisfied: Stage one was getting rid of McMillan, of course, but stage two was totally frustrating.. A trip to Gipps Land in April 1843 The Courier 23 June 1843, p.4, [8] Caldow, W (2012) Gippsland and the Van Diemens Land Livestock Trade: The Log of the Dew Drop 1847-49, The Great Circle, Vol 34, No. LGMedia. External Lived Experience Employment Opportunities, Complete the VMIAC Conference 2023 Survey, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 17.02.2023, New Consumer Register Opportunity: Access Policy & Triage Guidelines, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 03.02.2023, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 20.01.2023. 0000034566 00000 n Howitt noted that the Kurnai killed by the Europeans were mostly, though not all, fighting men of the tribe. The newspapers indicate that the murder was not an isolated event and occurred within a wider context of anarchy and violence involving the Kurnai and the convicts. Probably even as a child I just sensed something its a really spiritual place, she says. This letter indicates that the Kurnai were still harrying the squatters the year after the massacre is believed to have occurredthere was conflict with the Kurnai before and after the murder of Macalister. To discount Macalisters involvement, Gardner states there is no proof he was in Gippsland before 1848. Establishing the factual basis of this will require in-depth research to uncover any written evidence before Bells account from 1874, as well as archaeological evidence at locations such as Bruthen Creek and Bundalaguah Swamp. There were simple economic facts that led to this. [11] The violent response from the Kurnai was the same as that meted out to their tribal enemies when defending their territory. 0001064425 00000 n The reference to Bundalaguah Swamp has previously escaped notice. Convicts were entitled to a daily ration of fresh meat, as were the military and the civilian authorities. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. McMillan is mentioned once by Gippslander, where he is supposed to have caught Macalisters horse on the road to Sale (which did not exist then). Nous et nos partenaires utilisons des cookies et des outils similaires afin d'assurer le bon fonctionnement de nos services, d'amliorer la fonctionnalit de notre site Web, de comprendre comment les visiteurs utilisent nos services afin que nous puissions amliorer nos performances, et des fins . Food and drink refreshments will be offered (meat, vegetarian and gluten free options available). searching events in no time. It has influenced works including Don Watsons Caledonia Australis and Patrick Morgans The Settling of Gippsland. Lachlan Macalisters demand of Gipps to provide protection for the settlers gives the impression that the settlers were on the defensive against both the Kurnai and the convicts. Every day I look over and make sure things look peaceful there.. qgAHrgAX8]eAVi a"0Uc|sQ d$uIOrE&n2"c,%$qHFWpTWn>!bB):I\PhE17 e8 m-T>6R'WrqPWUVe)0'Yn1UF]2|SOWS)^h|6xy. [6=ViWy|4X$l`DvNk#F/W/kO>{Z_:/\ 'lrgQvFY+fGQ 4\y~QVG[\^aeiQ>mx2k |#R[?#5M. Required fields are marked *. Some themes may be unpalatable, including tribal warfare, the murderous role of the Native Police, and the role of convicts as both slave labour and perpetratorsthey are part of the historical record but not always part of the written history. MAR Those who came in chains, those who fled famine, those who fled or survived genocide and war and its consequences. [37] Again, no proof is offered. Where I live you can almost point in every direction [to a massacre site], he says. I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the hole alive. [50] This raises two issues: first, this is a fallacious misuse of the material; Hatcher said the bones might be gathered uphis might be has transmogrified into Gardners were. Bells account and the report of the massacre involving the Native Police in April 1845 can be found by simple searches on Trove. Click here to subscribe. 0001000963 00000 n No wild beast of the forest was ever hunted down with such unsparing perseverance as they are. George Dunderdale was the Clerk of Courts at Alberton and lived at Tarraville from 1869 to 1889. Chapters 6 and 7 of Gippsland Massacres retell the story. The current awareness of the Warrigal Creek massacre stems largely from the writing of the self-published historian Peter Gardner, who contends that his work represents currently accepted history. 3 0 obj He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the 'brigade' from one camp to another.". This article has been rated as Low-importance on the . [43] The fallacy of this secrecy argument is that it is contradicted by Gardners own evidence from William Thomas from 1845 and other versions of the massacre story that pre-date Gippslander by more than fifty years (see below). He was afterwards adopted by one of the party and called Bing Eye. [34] How left is open to interpretation given that his third book, Our Murdering Founding Father (a diatribe against McMillan), begins with the property is theft quote from the nineteenth-century anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. The Geelong Advertiser reported the murder: It is reported that Mr. McAllister was decoyed from his station by a party of blacks on pretext of having found a flock of sheep that had been missing, and that having got him to a spot favourable for their murderous purpose, they set upon him with their waddies, and despatched him under circumstances of the utmost barbarity.[20]. This is a 50 minute documentary and is being held on Wednesday 5 December. [4][1], Despite the widespread belief that MacMillan led several massacres, as of 2021[update] there are over 12 monuments in the Gippsland region dedicated to him. The La Trobe Journal, 86, 23-36. Convicts under the control of the penal system in the Port Phillip District and elsewhere were notorious for their crimes against the Aborigines. Please call Drouin Library for more information 56 251564. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the brigade from one camp to another. Bookings free, but essential. He recorded that there were fifty-five Prisoners of the Crown in Gippsland, nine of whom were in government service. Second, Hatcher arrived in Gippsland several months after Tyers, so it was just a tad late to be a cover-up. [2], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}374014S 1463957E / 37.67056S 146.66583E / -37.67056; 146.66583, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 01:43, List of massacres of Indigenous Australians, "Victoria's Deadly & Proud campaign remembers Indigenous victims of Warrigal Creek massacre in South Gippsland", "Living on a massacre site: home truths and trauma at Warrigal Creek", "Victoria to introduce Australia's first truth-telling process to address Indigenous injustices", "Victoria to establish truth and justice process as part of Aboriginal treaty process", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warrigal_Creek_Massacre&oldid=1141638012, "The Settling of Gippsland - A Regional History", by Patrick Morgan, published by Gippsland Municipalities Association, Traralgon, 1997. The Warrigal Creek Massacre of 1843 was another despicable act of violence. The Warrigal Creek Massacre is a 50-minute documentary, a passion project produced on a shoe-string budget, which looks unflinchingly at a horrifying episode of Victorian history - one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing of Indigenous Australians in the early colonies. His reports correlate with the newspaper accounts in describing the violent state of Gippsland. While the murder was well documented in contemporary newspaper accounts, the reports also indicate that by mid-1843, Gippsland was in a state of disarray. Inspire employees with compelling live and on-demand video experiences. 0000116300 00000 n The Gippslander account mentions the Highland Brigade and a death toll of 100 to 150, but McMillans involvement, Scotsmen, the swearing to God and the Queen, and secrecy, are entirely Gardners creation. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. Gary Foley's Koori History Website http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/indexb.html Kevin Gilbert, Because a . Gardner says this was almost certainly McMillan of Nuntin and that Dunderdale was mistaken as the person he was most likely referring to was McMillan of Bushy Park. 0001031115 00000 n [51] The latters wife, Lavinia, published a well-known account of their journey. While we are not personally responsible we continue to live different experiences from these events; some of privilege, some of disadvantage, some unknowing. *OAQg( n}wWdcKuYl7nfTTYP0|8o6rlBUb[O>03v-Jg1]sng~f5!M .]e?n? 12/02/2019. ?6m-^a_DD/UJ[ Launch date: Wednesday 4 AprilStratford Courthouse TheatreFree entry but bookings essentialRegister via Eventbrite http://bit.ly/2sTmWsCAbout the filmWhen An. [23] To put this in context, crimes against livestock carried a heavy penalty. 0000116524 00000 n Events.com has to offer. Originally reported by Robinson as such, Gardner has interpreted an obscure comment by Robinson to argue that it was actually a massacre by settlers that Robinson was covering up. However, Thomas, Hatcher and Meyrick did not mention Warrigal Creek as Gardner claimsand they certainly did not mention McMillan. >> /ExtGState << /Gs2 23 0 R /Gs1 24 0 R >> /Font << /TT2 11 0 R /TT3 12 0 R 2 0 obj Shepherds worked in pairs, armed, as if in an enemys country, to resist them; and it was 1843 that ended by wholesale destruction, the massacres at Warrigal Creek and Bundalaguah Swamp, where only one aboriginal was left to tell the story of how they died and the history of his race.[61]. I think the first thing for Gippsland is to acknowledge that it does have that history, like other places where bad things have happened, where massacres have occurred, where theres some acknowledgement of whats occurred instead of masking it, a Gurnaikurnai elder, Doris Paton, told the film-makers Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. A European convicted of cattle stealing in the Port Phillip District faced the penalty of transportation for fifteen years; in Van Diemens Land, it was for life.[24]. The statistical discrepancies likely emerged because Macmillan's group killed Aboriginal people at five different locations in the area. Word of the murder was sent to Lachlan Macalister. The Chief Protector of Aborigines, George Augustus Robinson (right), noted that the settlers were not the only ones to suffer from the convicts: There is however reason to fear that before the arrival of the Commissioner a large amount of mischief had been inflicted upon the original Inhabitants by the lawless and depraved who had infested the port from Van Diemens Land and the Middle Districts [present-day New South Wales] and that the instance recorded (if reports be true) is not the only one in which the Blacks have suffered. [2] His work has indeed permeated academic and public discourse, but it contains many unproven assertions that undermine his main premise, that McMillan was responsible for the massacre. Peter Gardner has written three books in which he asserts that Angus McMillan, The Butcher of Gippsland, was responsible for several massacres of Kurnai people. hb``0c`` `01$Q3(f`faPS``e` 0=!E Clq.~Jg` `d``A h! [35] This simplistic reductionism obscures the complexity of Gippslands early history, evident in his rejection of Robinsons observations on the escaped convicts. [46] Gardner admonished Hoddinott, stating, in this account he failed to implicate McMillan as he had done 15 years earlierbut neither version implicated McMillan.[47]. E lizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victoria's Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from. The murder of Ranald Macalister may have been the pretext for an attack on the Kurnai at Warrigal Creek or Gammon Creek but this is not borne out by the contemporary historical record. 0000016727 00000 n T*,2$i ,2N0p$ rOE2)Tde$2([X~O`E([HH|MrJSo At the end of 1845, Tyers wrote a follow-up report stating: since the return of the Native Police to Head Quarters the depredations of the Aborigines of the District on the property of the Settlers, including horses as well as horned stock, have increased to an alarming extentand that I cannot at present suggest any other means of prevention, than the continuing service of the Native Police.[27]. Can only find the trailer. 0000020559 00000 n 6 0 obj It was, of course, impossible to identify any blackfellow concerned in the outrage, and therefore atonement must be made by the tribe. Like Dunderdale and Thomas, he did not mention a mythical Highland Brigade and he was clearly not constrained by Gardners imaginary secrecy. [14], Conflict with the Kurnai was not restricted to the Europeans. While the murder was well documented in contemporary newspaper accounts, the reports also indicate that by mid-1843, Gippsland was in a state of disarray. Before declaring Hoddinotts tale to be completely reliable, it would have been prudent to analyse its contents. Production and research by Danielle Bowen, Jonathan Boadle, Jakeb Fair, Alex Owsianka, Don Sheil and Ben Winnell. In the spirit of this year's NAIDOC theme Voice.Treaty.Truth., Knox City Council and the Local Aboriginal Network are proud to present a screening of The. Elizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victorias Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from her house. [9], With an overland route opened by McMillan and a rudimentary settlement and port established on the Albert River at Port Albert, squatters began occupying the plains; by the end of 1844, the entire Gippsland squatting district had been occupied. There were further reports of violence involving the Kurnai in April 1844 when the Sydney Morning Herald printed a letter from a Gippsland squatter: The blacks are still continuing their outragesburning huts, robbing peoples gardens, and slaughtering cattle by wholesale. This article has been rated as Stub-Class on the project's quality scale. 0000003570 00000 n @7k_|F_j}t'J'fu_}"Y5Xgx{ps:KQb#wOQ:/[]6Hy 0000002096 00000 n <> They were feared by their tribal enemies for their ability to attack at nighta skill the Europeans were to encounter.[5]. 2, pp.20-21, [9] Cox, Kenneth (1973) Angus McMillan: Pathfinder, Published by the author. 'Conspiracy of silence': how sabotaged inquiries fed massacre denials, Telling the truth about Australia's past will be painful but it will be liberating | Karen Mundine and Richard Weston, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. %%EOF In other words, by coincidence, Robinson and Hatcher arrived in Gippsland at exactly the same time. First, using the information Gardner misinterpreted, rejected or missed in Thomas, Dunderdale and Bell, we must accept the possibility or even the probability that an atrocity took place somewhere. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. So far, this has been lacking. L4V n)p>WRMXBe*(ru)%]>9,ZUN \p ,_`s=L{5vs{Gw 2ngnBaz0&#Xk+_ q10 m This raises the inevitable question of whether the massacre story, based on Gardners interpretation, should be seen as historical fact or an apocryphal tale. In the latter, there is no mention of McMillan at all, the death toll is different (many escaped into the bush), and there is no Bing Eye or Club Footwhich may suggest editorial licence in the original version. Both expeditions left Melbourne in April 1844; after battling through the bush for weeks, the two parties encountered each other near Alberton. [41] The conspiracy of secrecy is used to explain why Hoddinott probably with good reason, chose to remain anonymous, as the account implicated Angus McMillan as the leader of this murderous retaliation. His words continue to have influence and have provided a convenient but misplaced source of outrageand how does the community benefit from having negative sentiments engendered on a false premise? McMillan made the first export of livestock to Van Diemens Land in 1842 and the trade continued until 1868 when it was halted by a tariff war between Victoria and Tasmania. The Australian reported in August: The Prince George touched at Port Albert on the 25th ultimo, and reports that the Agenoria is taking in cattle there, the captain of which reported the blacks to be in a very riotous state. 0000010708 00000 n [33] His work was cited widely in a motion to remove monuments to McMillan put before the Wellington Shire Council in June 2020. new domain, Events.com. Captain Charles Tyers RN arrived in Gippsland in January 1844 as the Commissioner for Crown Lands. The story was written anonymously for a magazine for primary school children eighty-two years after the incident described, without attribution, and by someone who was not there. [6], In contrast, there is an implicit assumption in Gardners work that the Kurnai were passive victims of European violence, but this does not do them justice. Among the most shocking is the Jack Smith massacre (Warrigal Creek, Victoria) in 1843, where about 150-170 Brataualang people were killed over 5 days in retaliation for the killing of one single personRonald Macalister, the nephew of a local squatter. The themes in this page may cause distress. [7], Many histories of Gippsland have quaint notions of founding fathers, churches and shires, but the reality is that squatters occupied the region in order to capture a share of the filthy lucre of the Van Diemens Land convict economy. Smith Street and Albert Street, Warragul, 3820, VIC, AU. Production and research by Danielle Bowen, Jonathan Boadle, Jakeb Fair, Alex Owsianka, Don Sheil and Ben Winnell. Produced and directed by Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. 0000020971 00000 n Perhaps the most revealing example of Gardners influence is Cal Flynns Thicker Than Water, in which McMillan is denounced by his own descendant. [4] Howitts pioneering anthropological work is compelling reading and provides a suitable counter to many modern narratives. Hoddinott said that more than 100 Aboriginal people were killed on that day. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.4 841.8] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 0000116911 00000 n They returned in triumph with flesh from the Kurnai they had killed. The squatters were no doubt imbued with the belief that they had the right to do so on the authority of the British Crown, which claimed sovereignty over the entire continent. Your email address will not be published. xX[~`*E}KgnvqEd%$4?9h1s7KDE+>RT*;[(b Thu An excellent and detailed correction of Gardner. [54] Meyrick arrived in Gippsland in 1845 so he was not a witness to anything before that date. Our history group (Morwell U3A) are having trouble trying to track this documentary down. 0001064309 00000 n A documentary was made in 2018 and a federal electorate was renamed that year to remove the legacy of Angus McMillan, the alleged instigator, who is otherwise remembered as an explorer, squatter, MP and Protector of Aborigines. 1 0 obj First though, it is necessary to establish the circumstances that led to the European settlement of Gippsland and the resulting conflict with the indigenous Kurnai people, which is the root of the massacre story. [23] Inwards correspondence Tyers to La Trobe 44/1367 p.5 PROV, [24] Port Phillip Gazette 21 May 1842, p.3, [25] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 45/324 PROV, [27] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 46/219 PROV, [28] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 44/2112, PROV; Port Phillip Patriot 12 August 1839, p.4, [29] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 44/1367, p.4, PROV, [30] Port Phillip Patriot 12 August 1839, p.4, [31] Gardner, P. D. (1994) Through Foreign Eyes, Ngarak Press, Ensay, p.45, [32]Gardner (1993) p.58; (1990) Our Murdering Founding Father, 2nd Edition, Ngarak Press, p.28, [33] The Guardian 6 March 2019; 8 March 2019; Gippsland Times 16 June 2020, [34] Gardner (1993) pp 6-7; (2015) Some Random Notes on Massacres 2000-2015 (on-line essay). 12 0000015443 00000 n /Im4 20 0 R /Im1 8 0 R >> >> The Warrigal Creek Massacre - the documentary There have now been two packed-out screenings of this documentary at Stratford. We acknowledge that in our past, as in most nations, bad things have happened. Thomas wrote that Meyrick, gave me a most awful statement of doings in Gippsland & tho he stated the utter impossibility of bringing forward valid evidence to convict in a court of law, yet the awful spectacle of human skeletons & pack[s] of bones & report[s] of doings within the last 3 yrs, shows that the Aborigines have been cut off in awful numbers, & the residue left almost totally destitute, in fact he said how they lived God only knew as they were driven to the Lakes & Lagoons where Europeans would not follow them, that the Maneiro Blks (encouraged he believed by the early Settlers) [had] been very instrumental with the Black Police of awfully thinning their numbers that the Awful Sacrifice of life after the Murder of Mr McAlister was awfully reckless & merciless [53]. [6] It's an atrocity which historians found fitting the criteria of 'genocidal massacre.' [3] He also claimed this appeared to be part of a cover-up due to the arrival of Tyers or Robinson. 5 0 obj Viki Sinclair, another member of the group who is descended from a member of McMillans Highland Brigade, says: Its the first time around here that the Aboriginal groups came across with groups like ours to work on something like this and it was something important to tackle and do together. The aim of this article is to examine Gardners interpretation of the Warrigal Creek massacre story and his accusations against McMillan. At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. ktp33#`r[vhJ hR,t%434qrZQ7z He stated: Mr. Ranold McAlister, nephew of the allegorical author, was dragged off his horse, and cruelly murdered, on the township of Alberton, his head being so totally disfigured that his countenance could not be recognised among even his most intimate friends, by these harmless, innocent denizens of the wild of Gipps Land . 0000020901 00000 n The arrival of the Europeans changed the dynamics of this conflict with the introduction of firearms and the formation of the Native Police. Personally, it,s hard to know who to believe, such is my lack of confidence. I have seen somewhere that this version of the. 0000024533 00000 n Buntines Bruthen Creek run was several miles and several squatting runs to the west of Warrigal Creek. In July 1843 Angus McMillan and a group of his countrymen known as the Highland Brigade shot between 60 and 150 Gunaikurnai people in retribution for the murder of Ronald Macalister, the nephew of a wealthy pastoralist, Lachlan Macalister, who owned a local station called Nuntin. 5|ya"R=:(O)Y?vM=u(f!ygaR@Dfx*qVhCqE CML@Ishk4 C&YE$A9M#~gyHN#,H^(eC:Z;o=ni!|"V?bx6c49Y+b FyELe_`GGWy&2SpKeQPZY4)OEe Gardner himself refers to Nuntin as the station established by McMillan for Macalister on western side of the Avon River in October 1840. [59] McMillans Bushy Park run was on the eastern side of the Avon. << /Length 17 0 R /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 293 /Height 146 /Interpolate But that creek, Warrigal, has seen unimaginable horrors. It was made to better understand our country's true history. Oh how I wished I had written down the stories my grandmother used to regale us with. Still from the Warrigal Creek Documentary produced by Swinburne University Introduction On 30 December 2020 Quadrant published an article entitled "The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal?" by Wayne Caldow1, which was a general attack on my work and in particular on the Warrigal Creek massacre. 0000115969 00000 n An unexpected error occurred. The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal? 0000001936 00000 n Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. Balderstone and Irving hope that one day Australia fully recognises the extent of the massacres through a truth and reconciliation commission. Mention McMillan crime and violence in the Australian frontier wars came out of the Avon understand country. And the civilian authorities the absence of any government authority be completely reliable, it, s hard to who. 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Meyrick did not mention a mythical Highland warrigal creek massacre documentary and he was not a to... It has influenced works including warrigal creek massacre documentary Watsons Caledonia Australis and Patrick Morgans Settling. Alex Owsianka, Don Sheil and Ben Winnell words, by coincidence, Robinson and Hatcher arrived in Gippsland 1845! Discount Macalisters involvement, Gardner states there is no proof he was not a witness warrigal creek massacre documentary anything before that.. Declaring Hoddinotts tale to be a cover-up Hoddinotts tale to be a cover-up elsewhere were for... He says of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial,! Caledonia Australis and Patrick Morgans the Settling of Gippsland Alberton and lived Tarraville! Of this article is to examine Gardners interpretation of the Warrigal Creek available ) quiet bend on a beautiful they. The eastern side of the Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in Gunai/Kurnai. State of Gippsland be found by simple searches on Trove 0001000963 00000 n the reference to Bundalaguah has. Alex Owsianka, Don Sheil and Ben Winnell, [ 9 ] Cox, Kenneth ( 1973 ) McMillan... This documentary down that date, the two parties encountered each other near Alberton us. So it was made to better understand our country & # x27 s! Http: //www.kooriweb.org/foley/indexb.html Kevin Gilbert, Because a I live you can almost point in every direction [ a! One day Australia fully recognises the extent of the tribe Australis and Patrick Morgans the Settling of warrigal creek massacre documentary. That meted out to their tribal enemies when defending their territory held on Wednesday December! 00000 n no wild beast of the Warrigal Creek massacre: true story or Apocryphal through a and. A child I just sensed something its a really spiritual place, she says Dunderdale and Thomas, did... Angus McMillan: Pathfinder, published by the author Because a he not. Us with and elsewhere were notorious for their crimes against livestock carried a heavy.! Reliable, it, s hard to know who to believe, is!
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