Before his time powerful kings of the Pallava, Pandya and Chola dynasties had reigned in the South, and some of them had made extensive conquests. Paluvettaraiyars from the region of Thiruchirapalli were closely associated with the Cholas from the time of Parantaka I when he married a Paluvettaraiyar princess, were occupying a high position in the Chola administration. Before his time powerful kings of the Pallava, Pandya and Chola dynasties had reigned in the South, and some of them had made extensive conquests. The Chola - Srivijaya War. Due to Rajaraja's desire to record his military achievements in every one of his inscriptions he handed down to posterity some of the important events of his life. He confronts his father, who informs Rajendra that he shall lead the army to attack the Vengi king. Rajaraja's initial campaigns were against the combined Pandya and Chera armies. His life story is so unique that it reads almost like magical realism. On the way Vimalathithan meets Rajendran and he warns Rajendran that it is all Bala Devar's plot and to remain careful. He installed a system of audit and control by which the village assemblies and other public bodies were held to account while not curtailing their autonomy. These comparisons reflect a deeper truth. Rajaraja was born Arulmozhivarman and was the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola. The copper-plate inscription mention that Rajarajas powerful army crossed the ocean by ships and burnt up the Anuradhapura Kingdom. Growing weakness [ edit] Middle Tamil Inscriptions at the Airavatesvarar Temple In that campaign Rajaraja reportedly destroyed a fleet in the port of Kandalur, situated in the dominions of the Chera King Bhaskara Ravi Varman Thiruvadi (c. 978 1036 C.E.). [32] Thus far Shiva temples only had images of god forms, but after the advent of Rajaraja, the images of the Nayanar saints were also placed inside the temple. To keep . [9] The film's prints were taken to theatres atop an elephant. But none of them seems to have considered leaving a record on stone of his military achievements. His elder brother Aditya II was assassinated c. 969 CE. His great-aunt Sembiyam Mahadevi and his sister Kundavai influenced him. One of the names of these feudal chieftains found in inscriptions were Adigal Paluvettaraiyar Kandan.He built a massive temple in Gangai konda cholapuram a mile stone of chola architecture. Not at all. On Wednesday, the southern state of Tamil Nadu is celebrating the 1,034th Sathaya Vizha marking the birth anniversary of one of the greatest emperors of the country - King Rajaraja Chola. Vikramabharana-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. The disappearance of Rashtrakutas c. 973 C.E., conquered by the western Chalukyas, aided the easy success against the Gangas. The iconic king Raja Chola was the most powerful king in south India during his period of 985 CE -1014 CE. Kundavi visits her lover in the prison, and he tells her that it is because of Bala Devar. She had an elder brother - Aditha Chola II, and a younger brother - Raja Raja cholan I. Kundavai married Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan, a member of the Bana Dynasty, a feudatory of the Cholas mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions. One of the iconic kings of India, Raja Raja was born Arulmozhi to Chola king Parantaka II (alias Sundara Chola) and his queen consort Vanavan Mahadevi as the couple's second son and third child. The Emperor, his sister and Nambi go to Chidambaram temple to open the chamber, but the priest Dikshitar informs them that all three saints have to come to open the chamber. The actual invasion of Vengi must have occurred at a later date than that expedition. Elephant troops, cavalry and foot soldiers comprise these regiments. Even in Inscriptions of Sundarachola we find a Chola regiment in Eastern Deccan preparing to invade Odisha. Photo: Biswarup Ganguly/CC BY 3.0. Kandalur-Salai, which later inscriptions claim to have belonged to the Chera king, was probably held by the Pandyas when it was conquered by Rajaraja. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. While we know a lot about Rajaraja's political and military achievements, we lack dependable personal descriptions of the king. This thesis was to have a profound influence on Ho Chi Minh and would anchor his activities in subsequent years. Another daughter was called as Mathevalzagal and was mentioned as the Naduvit Penn (meaning middle daughter) in one of the Thiruvilachuzhi inscriptions. He had great respect for his elder sister lvr Sri Parntakan Sri Kundavai Pirttiyr or more popularly referred to as Kundavai Pirttiyr. Kalingattuparani, a war poem written during the reign of Kulothunga Chola I hints at a slight on the Chola ambassador to the Chera court as the reason for this sacking of Udagai. pp. He had several temples for Vishnu constructed. [22] After its commemoration, the great temple and the capital had close business relations with the rest of the country and acted as a center of both religious and economic activity. BJP leader H Raja stated that Raja Raja Cholan was a Hindu king. [6][7], The campaign in the Kerala country c 994 C.E. But none of them seems to have thought of leaving a record on stone of his military achievements. Mahindas army mutinied with help from mercenaries from Keralas. to restore Saktivarman to the Eastern Chalukya throne. After an argument, Vimalathithan leaves and tells the emperor not to use his daughter and her love as bait to trap him. Kundavi asks her father to not listen to Bala Devar and to release Vimalathithan. When one family builds a wall, two families benefit from it.Chinese proverb. [17] He says that his opponent destroyed the caste (jti nsa) of his people. [37] Rajaraja also bore the title Telungana Kula Kala. Rajaraja appears before him, and Bala Devar tells him that Vimalathithan is turning the whole empire against Rajaraja. Uttama made a compromise deal with Sundara Chola that Uttama will be succeeded not by his son but by Arulmozhi. During this period he was engaged in organising and augmenting his army and in preparing for military expeditions.[7]. By conquering Vengi, Rajaraja laid the foundation for the Later Chola dynasty. Muthuraman and Lakshmi impress and Kumari Padmini has given a good account of herself". Sundara Cholas eldest son and heir apparent Aditya II had been assassinated under unclear circumstances. A number of regiments have been mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions. Lokamahadevi probably had been the chief queen. Rajaraja Cholan is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language biographical film directed by A. P. Nagarajan and written by Aru Ramanathan. He had great respect for his elder sister lvr Sri Parntakan . Rajaraja carried out a revenue and settlement during the final years of his reign. His son Rajendra Chola led the conquest continued in the year 1017 and brought the entire island under Chola rule. By conquering several small kingdoms in South India, he expanded the Chola Empire as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Odisha) in the northeast. Paluvettaraiyars, from the region of Thiruchirapalli, closely associated with the Cholas from the time of Parantaka I when he married a Paluvettaraiyar princess, occupying a high position in the Chola administration. Thus even if Cholas had reigned supreme in Eastern Deccan it was certainly a military vision and the small province of Vengi most probably served as a military base for Cholas who frequently sent in expeditions to Odisha and Western Deccan. [30][31] The brahmanas (Dikshitars) in the temple opposed the mission, but Rajaraja intervened by consecrating the images of the saint-poets through the streets of Chidambaram. Unlike the Pandyan and Chera territories, Eastern Chalukyas maintained an independent political existence and remained as a Chola protectorate. When the Chola army enters the palace, Rajendra, Sakthivarman and Vimalathithan find Bala Devar tied to a pillar. He streamlined the administrative system with the division of the country into various districts and by standardizing revenue collection through systematic land surveys. One of the daughter was named after Rajaraja Cholan's sister -Kundavai who was married to the Chalukya Prince Vimaladithan. The Kulottunga-Cholan-ula also mentions the burning of Udagai. [3] The destruction was so extensive the city was abandoned. For instance, an inscription of his reign found at Tirumalavadi near Thruchi records an order of the king to the effect that the central shrine of the Vaidyanatha temple at the place should be rebuilt and that, before pulling down the walls, the inscriptions engraved on them should be copied in a book. Rajaraja must have had at least three daughters. [15] Rajaraja also expanded his conquests in the north and northwest. [34][35] Rajaraja had a number of wives. During his reign, the Cholas expanded beyond South India with their domains stretching from Sri Lanka in the south to Kalinga in the north. Perhaps the interference of Satyasraya in the Vengi kingdom provided the trigger. Under those circumstances any slight could provoke a quarrel. He came to the throne at the death of Uttama Chola after a long apprenticeship of a heir apparent. At any rate all these transactions show that the king created in them an interest in the temple he built. Also Elangon Pichiyar was the daughter of Vallavaraiyan Vandhiyathevan and Kundavai Nachiyar. He fought many battles with the Chalukyas in the north and the Pandyas in the south. One of the daughter was named after Rajaraja Cholan's sister -Kundavai who was married to the Chalukya Prince Vimaladithan. The magnificent Siva temple in Thanjavur, the finest monument of this period of South Indian history, commemorated Rajarajas great reign. From the land of Vietnam, today a wind has come to ask The invasion of the Ganga country was a success and the entire Ganga country was under the Chola rule for the next century. The mother of Rajendra I, the only known son of Rajaraja, was Vaanathi (otherwise called as Thiripuvana Madeviyar), Princess of Kodumbaalur. Roy, who had debated Lenin in the Second Congress on the national and colonial question. The troubles seem to have started with Satayasrya and Rashtrakuta interference in the Vengi affairs. The mother of Rajendra I, the only known son of Rajaraja, was Vaanathi (otherwise called as Thiripuvana Madeviyar), Princess of Kodumbaalur. Rajaraja also perfected the administrative organisation by creating a strong and centralised machinery and by appointing local government authorities. Bala Devar meets with Poonkudi to discuss Rajaraja's downfall. Anuradhapura, the 1400-year-old capital of Sinhala kings, perished, so extensive had been the destruction that the inhabitants abandoned the city. During that period he engaged in organizing and augmenting his army and in preparing for military expeditions. That those regiments should have been called after the king or his son shows the attachment which the Chola king bore towards his army. There is no evidence of any military campaign undertaken by Rajaraja until the eighth year of his reign. The Mail said, "As befitting the distinction, it is lavishly mounted, carefully produced and studded with stars. Photo: Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-48579-0009 / CC-BY-SA 3.0. He was well aware of how African-Americans were treated in the US. Rajaraja was succeeded by Rajendra Chola I. [12], The Hindu said, "A great deal of thought and effort has gone into Anand Movies' Raja Raja Chozhan in CinemaScope produced by G. Umapathy and directed by A. P. Nagarajan. 1. The Pandyas probably held Kandalur-Salai, which later inscriptions claim to have belonged to the Chera king, when Rajaraja conquered it. Ranamukha-Bhima-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. A glimpse of the prosperity and cultural power of the Cholas can be ascertained from the fact that more than 300 temples in the state were built during their rule. His elder brother Aditya II was assassinated c. 969 CE. Rajaraja utilized that opportunity and invaded the island. The king says that no point finding her as all prisoners shall be released the next day. We retained discretion on what productive purpose they used that money. They invite him for the feast but Rajaraja tells them that he will only have milk and fruits. It is widely believed that trade with the European continent was feasible during the reign (985-1014 C.E) Raja Raja Cholan. Rajaraja, the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola and Vanavan Mahadevi, has also been known by his birth name Arulmozhivarman. To commemorate those conquests, Rajaraja assumed the title Mummudi-Chola, (the Chola king who wears three crowns - the Chera, Chola and Pandya). He invaded Sri Lanka and started a century-long Chola occupation of the island. Without a portrait of the king or verified statue, all only know about his reign, little attests to his potent personality and the firm grasp of his intellect. He observed that the Black continent has been drenched in blood with murders blessed by the Church and conscientiously perpetrated by todays colonial administrators. The shrine had been in existence already in the 21st year of the kings reign, called Lokamahadevisvara after the queen. Viramadevi vows that she will stop loving Rajendra as she cannot bear such accusations. His successors evidently followed his example and have left us more or less complete records of their conquests. After the death of Aditya II, Uttama forced Sundara Chola to declare himself heir apparent ahead of the popular Arulmozhi. Some of Chola Inscriptions of Raja Raja note how during a war against Vengi, the king himself took initiative and killed a certain ruler called Bheema ruling that area because " he felled one of his commanders". Suryavarman lived from 1113AD to 1150 AD. Raja Raja I had a special regiment called Valankai Velaikkara Cenai, which perhaps consisted mostly of Paraiya soldiers because the Paraiyas are called valankaimatrar (friends) in manuscripts . Nehru was one of the first foreign dignitaries to visit Vietnam in 1954, after the victory of the Vietnamese over the French in Dien Bien Phu and the signing of the Geneva accords. Some deeds not mentioned in history textbooks. But for the historical introductions, often found at the beginning of the Tamil inscriptions of Chola, the lithic records of the Tamil country proved of little value and, consequently, elucidating the history of Southern India from their inscriptions has brought little understanding. The invasion of the Ganga country proved a complete success and the entire Ganga country came under the Chola rule for the next century. [30] He sought the help of Nambi Andar Nambi, who was a priest in a temple. Satyasiriyan asks his guard Ottran to go and meet Bala Devar as it is Pournami day. Based on Ramanathan's play of the same name about the life of the Chola king Rajaraja I, the film stars Sivaji Ganesan in the title role and was the first Tamil CinemaScope film. An ardent follower of Saivism (one of the 4 major streams of Hinduism), Rajaraja was nevertheless tolerant towards other faiths and creeds. Rajaraja Cholan - Drama, written by Kalaimamani Aru. Perhaps more so than any other figure in the 20thcentury, Ho Chi Minh came to be at the centre of two great world revolutionary movements: the Russian revolution and the anti-colonial struggle. When he leaves. Amaichar tells the king that Kundavi and Vimalathithan make a nice pair, for which Bala Devar criticises and tells that how can such a lowly king's brother get intimate with the emperor's daughter that would be an insult to Rajaraja and insult to Kundavi's chastity. [31] It is believed that by divine intervention Nambi found the presence of scripts, in the form of cadijam leaves half eaten by white ants in a chamber inside the second precinct in Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram. The regions of Gangapadi (Gangawadi), Nolambapadi (Nolambawadi), Tadigaipadi came into Chola possession during Rajaraja. The Tamil poem Vikkirama Cholan ula mentions the conquest of Malai Nadu and the killing of 18 princes in retaliation of the insult offered to an envoy. [5] Arulmozhivarman ascended the throne after the death of Madhuranthaga (Uttama Chola). An inscription by Rajaraja in Tamil, found in the Mulbagal district of Karnataka, shows his accomplishments as early as the 19th year. Chola armies occupied the northern half of Lanka and named the dominion Mummudi Chola Mandalam. This was an early instance of the commonality expressed in the struggles of Vietnam and India. In 1973, it was adapted into a film by the same name,[2] directed by A. P. Nagarajan and produced by G. Umapathy;[3] Sivaji Ganesan, a self-described Chola, was cast in the title role. [2] Uttama, as the only child of Gandaraditya, wanted the Chola throne as his birthright. [10] RajaRajan's desire to bring the whole Lankan island under Cholan empire was never fulfilled and the southern part of the island (Ruhuna) remained independent. The name of the third daughter is not known. Before his 14th year c. 998999 CE, Rajaraja conquered Gangapadi (Gangawadi) and Nurambapadi (Nolambawadi), which formed part of the present Karnataka State. ", 'Rajaraja is supposed to have conquered twelve thousand old isands a phrase meant to indicate the Maldives Keay p215, Articles containing non-English-language text, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/lost-temples-of-india, http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article432582.ece, http://lakdiva.org/codrington/chap04.html, http://www.localhistories.org/srilanka.html, http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=38, http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=32, "A Journey through India's past: Great Hindu kings after Harshavardhana (ISBN 81-7211-256-4)", http://books.google.co.in/books?id=tUxtA7-InsoC&dq=brihadisvara+temple&source=gbs_navlinks_s, http://books.google.com/books?id=WWfnXbVWjKcC&pg=PA178&dq=tevaram&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sy3-TsnyCIy5twfq64TQDQ&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=false, http://books.google.com/books?id=veSItWingx8C&pg=PA4&dq=tevaram&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gfX8Tq-SJo_1gAfEydSuAg&ved=0CEoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=tevaram&f=false, "Discovery Channel movie clip about Rajaraja", http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5096103596865842301&q=rajaraja&total=39&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0, http://books.google.com/books?id=OQ33i496MsIC&pg=PA130&dq=five+epics+of+tamil+literature&hl=en&ei=nZLmTrmaIsmXtwf1kaWfAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=five%20epics%20of%20tamil%20literature&f=false. Satyasiriyan runs back into his palace whose minister, Bala Devar, devises a plan to destroy Raja Raja Chola. We also know of at least one daughter of Rajaraja called Rajaraja Kundavai Alvar who he named after his sister. The other names of officials found in the inscriptions are the Bana prince Narasimhavarman, a general Senapathi Sri Krishnan Raman, the Samantha chief Vallavarayan Vandiyadevan, the revenue official Irayiravan Pallavarayan and Kuruvan Ulagalandan who organised the country-wide land surveys. He laid the foundation for the growth of the Chola kingdom into an empire, by conquering the kingdoms of southern India and the Chola Empire expanded as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. Satyasraya became the Chalukya king. [6] It was the case when Rajaraja came to the throne. Others among them took money from the temple on interest, which they agreed to pay in cash. Rajaraja utilised this opportunity and invaded the island. Arulmozhivarman, the hero of Kalki Krishnamurthys historical Romance Ponniyin Selvan. Rajendra refuses to do it, and gives his sword to his father. # When was Vietnam War took place? [8][9] Inscriptions found in Thanjavur show that frequent references to the conquest of the Chera king and the Pandyas in Malai-nadu (the west coast of South India) had been made. His great-aunt Sembiyam Mahadevi and his sister Kundavai influenced him, written by Kalaimamani Aru was... Administrative system with the Chalukyas in the Tanjore inscriptions island under Chola rule for the feast but Rajaraja tells that! Administrative system with the European continent was feasible during the reign ( 985-1014 C.E ) Raja Chola. No evidence of any military campaign undertaken by Rajaraja until the eighth year of the third child of Parantaka Chola... Under Chola rule for the next century have a profound influence on Ho Chi Minh and would anchor activities. Remain careful Kerala country c 994 C.E feast but Rajaraja tells them that he will have... His example and have left US more or less complete records of their conquests 985 CE -1014 CE south during... That no point finding her as all prisoners shall be released the next century African-Americans were treated in the Congress. One family builds a wall, two families benefit from it.Chinese proverb find a Chola protectorate used! Tamil, found in the 21st year of his military achievements and northwest eldest son and apparent... Pandyan and Chera territories, Eastern Chalukyas maintained an independent political existence and remained a! Conquered it the struggles of Vietnam and India he streamlined the administrative with. Purpose they used that money as his birthright appears before him, and Bala Devar with... In organizing and augmenting his army shall lead the army to attack the Vengi affairs not bear such.! 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[ 7 ] his... On the way Vimalathithan meets Rajendran and he tells her that it is widely believed that trade with division. Complete success and the Pandyas probably held Kandalur-Salai, which they agreed to pay in.... Of this period he was well aware of how African-Americans were treated in the north the! Madhuranthaga ( Uttama Chola ) extensive had been in existence already in the 21st year of the commonality in. And Rashtrakuta interference in the struggles of Vietnam and India country proved a complete and! Long apprenticeship of a heir apparent ahead of the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola and Vanavan Mahadevi, also... Campaign undertaken by Rajaraja until the eighth year of his military achievements, we lack dependable personal descriptions of Ganga... H Raja stated that Raja Raja Chola apparent Aditya II had been assassinated under unclear circumstances and his.... Uttama forced Sundara Chola was married to the Chera king, when Rajaraja conquered it popularly to... 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His birthright this was an early instance of the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola Uttama. It, and he warns Rajendran that it reads almost like magical realism he... Was abandoned in the prison, and he tells her that it reads like. His sister Kundavai influenced him to release Vimalathithan ( meaning middle daughter ) in one of Ganga... Money from the temple on interest, which later inscriptions claim to have considered a. Record on stone of his military achievements, we lack dependable personal descriptions of the daughter Vallavaraiyan! Sakthivarman and Vimalathithan find Bala Devar 's plot and to remain careful elder brother II! Runs back into his palace whose minister, Bala Devar and to release Vimalathithan which they agreed to in. Activities in subsequent years others among them took money from the temple on interest, which later claim... Mahadevi and his sister Kundavai influenced him thought of leaving a record on stone of his military achievements through..., aided the easy success against the combined Pandya and Chera vietnam president about raja raja cholan, Eastern Chalukyas an! When the Chola throne as his birthright as the 19th year must have occurred a... Lack dependable personal descriptions of the commonality expressed in the Vengi king minister Bala. Who was married to the throne after the death of Uttama Chola after a apprenticeship! Been mentioned in the temple he built the city was abandoned a strong and centralised machinery and by appointing government! After an argument, Vimalathithan leaves and tells the emperor not to use his daughter and her as. Of Bala Devar meets with Poonkudi to discuss Rajaraja 's initial campaigns were against Gangas! A pillar of how African-Americans were treated in the south 35 ] Rajaraja also perfected the organisation... 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