Thomas More was beheaded in 1535 for his refusal to accept the Acts of Supremacy and the Act of Succession (1534) of Henry VIII of England and swear allegiance to Henry as head of the English Church. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. In January 1539 Geoffrey was pardoned, but Margaret's son, Henry, Baron Montagu (and cousin Exeter), were later executed for treason after trial. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Henry still hoped for Mores support. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. They were preventing her marriage to the king. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Nothing worked. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. For example, as Lord Chancellor, More proclaimed the opinion of the English universities as favorable to the kings annulment. In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. Margaret Poles house had been searched in the efforts to find evidence to back of the attainders of those executed. His natural piety was at odds with other courtiers, all of whom jockeyed ceaselessly for the kings favor. It was his great popularity that saved him. He married Anne Cheney, daughter of Nicholas Cheney. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. Later, he would castigate her in the accents of a hurt child for what seemed to him abandonment, telling her that as she had given him up when he was so young, she should not interfere between him and his conscience. Even as he secretly wore a hair shirt, he openly and consistently fasted, prayed, and maintained a relatively modest household. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, once Chancellor of England and a close royal friend, had both . Did she plot against the crown? [2] As one of the few members of the House of Plantagenet to have survived the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, the second monarch of the House of Tudor, who was the son of her first cousin, Elizabeth of York. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. Later that year, Reginald was summoned to Rome, made a cardinal and put in charge of organising a crusade against England economic sanctions first, war if need be. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. Erasmus mourned his friend and wrote that Mores soul was more pure than snow and his genius was such that England never had and never again will have its like. More was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1886, and canonized by Pius XI in 1935. 28 Little Russell Street Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. Hilary Mantel. Now he decided to seriously test his religious convictions. She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Likewise, Henry became understandably angry at the papacys refusal to repudiate Charles. As part of his 'Random Histo. But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. Although a jury of twelve men would have . For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. The kings mother, Margaret Beaufort, was protective of young brides; her own body had been wrecked by a pregnancy at 13. He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. She lived one of the more turbulent lives of the 16th century, starting off as the niece of the King, and ending up nearly 70 years later penniless in the Tower, executed by an inexperienced executioner. His work at Bruges and, later, Calais, as well as his continuing duties as undersheriff in London, were clear evidence of his skill and popularity. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. . In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. 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And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. It was children who caused him a problem. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. Annes personal religious feeling was unimportant. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. It mattered to London shopkeepers, and to great churchmen. This discovery resulted in removal of Mores books and writing materials. England became an embattled nation. You may not of heard of Margaret Pole so I will fill you in because her death was quite brutal and makes an interesting read, (if you like the darker side of the Tudors). He worked eight years as undersheriff and proved himself an impartial judge and able administrator. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. The sitter might as well be carved, for all she suggests flesh or circulating blood. There is no greater tale of a father and daughter relationship than the story of Sir Thomas More and his Dearest Meg, his eldest daughter Margaret. Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. She was the Spanish princess, Katharine of Aragon, one of the daughters of the Catholic rulers of Spain. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. Two written eyewitness reports survived her execution: one by Marillac, the French ambassador, and the other by Chapuys, ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor. We do not know. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. The second season of The Spanish Princess premieres on Starz on Sunday, October 11. He collected books and rare objects, but he gave away his possessions freely as well. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. geralmente . Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. On May 27th 1541, Margaret Pole, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London. His crusade against his native land was never launched, but many years later he would return, Archbishop of Canterbury to Mary Tudor, and join in heresy-hunting and the burning of reformers. As the heir to the throne, Mary enjoyed a separate household, and in 1525 she was sent to Ludlow to hold court. His personal life remained placid and content. For Maid star Margaret Qualley, her job was all about building a relationship with child actor Rylea Nevaeh Whittet and making her feel safe on the set of the Netflix series that delves into . It was delivered in manuscript form, but at any time it could be printed and circulated through Europe. That was clear to Cromwell almost from the first, and perhaps to More, too. When he later built his Great House in Chelsea, its rooms were specifically designed to encourage quiet study and prayer. The story of Mores last days is terribly affecting. It is only in adversity that Margaret shows herself, in the records of her interrogations, when she was a woman in her sixties, experienced, shrewd, hard to frighten. He was Dean of Exeter and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, as well as a canon of York. When historical novelists are looking for ways to empower their heroines they opt for making them hotshot herbalists or minxy witches. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). 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