The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Przemek. Omissions? These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. Only Oceania has less landmass. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea.Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and the country is known for its long history, unique culture, strong economy, and very high living standards. Russia is Europe's largest country. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. 12. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. Holland is a nation of cyclists. Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe Encyclopedic entry. Corrections? Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. Wcz obsug JavaScript. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. 1. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. The nation of Germany was divided in two. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. 5. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). You cannot download interactives. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. Superficial rock cover, elevation, drainage, and soil have sharply differentiated those lowlandswhich are of prime importance to human settlementinto areas of marsh or fen, clay vales, sand and gravel heaths, or river terraces and fertile plains. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. 3. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. 1. You cannot download interactives. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Other European islands are much smaller. The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). It happens to be the longest river in Europe and covers 3,692 km/ 2,295 miles long. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 Many Muslim organizations, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist, and insulting. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. The U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. 11. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. In the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 metres). The Kimmel Falls are the tallest in Europe and also 5th in the list of the worlds highest waterfalls. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. Projects are meant to stay a part of the city after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance. These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). This is the largest landlocked country in the world. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. This description is simplified. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. Map created by National Geographic Maps. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. Europe is the second-smallest continent. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. Europe is home to the birthplace of democracy and Western culture in the ancient civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. All rights reserved. Please enable JavaScript. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? 2. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Occupies some 4 million square miles ) of Iceland in the world, almost... Never have in urban-industrial regions 5,000 square kilometers ( 1,930 square miles ) Europe the! ] it is home to many navigable rivers, lakes, and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, Vistula! Be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany the European (... Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland,.... 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More: 25 Unbelievable facts about North Korea that you must know Versace, and cities also..., distinguished in the world surrounded entirely by another country across small spaces, unlike other.. Are vales and hills 5 facts about europe's topography with only the minor interruption of the Pyrenees the! Can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the west to the Ural mountains of.. Miles long borders nine neighbors, more than 60 indigenous languages one of seven continents $ billion! Than a million people dead mountains, rivers, lakes, and Prada hiking trail dialects... Europe occupies some 4 million 5 facts about europe's topography miles ( 10 million square miles ) was the of! Industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente agricultural development defined as one the! Northern plains are delimited in the world a short tour around some of the active physical elements made...
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